{"id":163,"date":"2024-09-19T18:17:40","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T16:17:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/konsul.eu\/?p=163"},"modified":"2024-12-06T22:30:32","modified_gmt":"2024-12-06T21:30:32","slug":"rzad-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/konsul.eu\/index.php\/2024\/09\/19\/rzad-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Rz\u0105d"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"163\" class=\"elementor elementor-163\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df1806d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"df1806d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ff8b04 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ff8b04\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49472c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" 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class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rz\u0105d Demokratycznej Republiki Konga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-715481c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"715481c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-130f321 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"130f321\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a28a453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a28a453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Premier: Judith Suminwa Tuluka &#8211; \u00a0kongijska polityk i pierwsza kobieta mianowana na stanowisko premiera DRK.<br \/><br \/><\/p><p>Prezydent: F\u00e9lix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo &#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"Demokratyczna Republika Konga\" href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Demokratyczna_Republika_Konga\">kongijski<\/a>polityk, od 2018 lider Unii na rzecz Demokracji i Post\u0119pu Spo\u0142ecznego, od 2019 prezydent Demokratycznej Republiki Konga.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><b>System polityczny<\/b><\/p><p>Demokratyczna Republika Konga (DRK) jest republik\u0105 parlamentarn\u0105 z systemem semiprezydenckim. Obowi\u0105zuj\u0105ca konstytucja zosta\u0142a przyj\u0119ta 13 maja 2005 roku, zaaprobowana w referendum 18\u201319 grudnia 2005 roku i og\u0142oszona 18 lutego 2006 roku .<\/p><p><b>W\u0142adza wykonawcza<\/b><\/p><p>Na czele w\u0142adzy wykonawczej stoi prezydent, wybierany w bezpo\u015brednich wyborach powszechnych zwyk\u0142\u0105 wi\u0119kszo\u015bci\u0105 g\u0142os\u00f3w. Prezydent mo\u017ce pe\u0142ni\u0107 sw\u00f3j urz\u0105d przez maksymalnie dwie kadencje. Obecnym prezydentem DRK jest F\u00e9lix Tshisekedi, kt\u00f3ry obj\u0105\u0142 urz\u0105d 24 stycznia 2019 roku i nadal urz\u0119duje . Prezydent mianuje premiera, kt\u00f3ry kieruje pracami rz\u0105du. Premierem, a zarazem pierwsz\u0105 kobiet\u0105 na tym stanowisku w historii DRK, jest Judith Tuluka, urz\u0119duj\u0105ca od 12 czerwca 2024 roku .<\/p><p><b>W\u0142adza ustawodawcza<\/b><\/p><p>W\u0142adza ustawodawcza w DRK jest dwuizbowa i sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z Senatu oraz Zgromadzenia Narodowego.<\/p><ul><li><b>Senat<\/b> liczy 108 mandat\u00f3w, obsadzanych w po\u015brednich wyborach proporcjonalnych przez zgromadzenia rad prowincji.<\/li><li><b>Zgromadzenie Narodowe<\/b> liczy 500 mandat\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych 439 obsadzanych jest w wielomandatowych okr\u0119gach wyborczych systemem proporcjonalnym, a 61 w okr\u0119gach jednomandatowych .<\/li><\/ul><p><b>Najwa\u017cniejsze partie polityczne<\/b><\/p><p>W DRK dzia\u0142a wiele partii politycznych. Najwa\u017cniejsze z nich to:<\/p><ul><li>Kongijski Wiec dla Demokracji (RCD)<\/li><li>Konwent Chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich Demokrat\u00f3w (CDC)<\/li><li>Ludowa Partia Odbudowy i Demokracji (PPRD)<\/li><li>Nasze Kongo (CNB)<\/li><li>Nouvel Elan<\/li><li>Partia Chrze\u015bcija\u0144skich Demokrat\u00f3w (PDC)<\/li><li>Razem dla Zmiany (Ensemble pour le Changement)<\/li><li>Ruch Spo\u0142eczny na Rzecz Odnowy (MSR)<\/li><li>Ruch Wyzwolenia Kongo (MLC)<\/li><li>Si\u0142y Odnowy (FR)<\/li><li>Sojusz na Rzecz Demokracji i Post\u0119pu Spo\u0142ecznego (UDPS)<\/li><li>Sojusz na Rzecz Narodu Kongijskiego (UNC)<\/li><li>Zaanga\u017cowani na Rzecz Obywatelstwa i Rozwoju (ECiD\u00e9)<\/li><li>Zjednoczona Partia Lumumbist\u00f3w (PALU)<\/li><\/ul><p>Partie ECiD\u00e9, MLC, Razem dla Zmiany, CNB i Nouvel Elan tworz\u0105 koalicj\u0119 Lamuka .<\/p><p><b>W\u0142adza s\u0105downicza<\/b><\/p><p>Najwy\u017cszymi organami w\u0142adzy s\u0105downiczej w DRK s\u0105:<\/p><ul><li><b>S\u0105d Kasacyjny<\/b> (Court of Cassation, Cour de Cassation) \u2013 sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z 26 s\u0119dzi\u00f3w i dzieli si\u0119 na izb\u0119 legislacyjn\u0105 oraz izb\u0119 s\u0105downicz\u0105. S\u0119dzi\u00f3w S\u0105du Kasacyjnego wybiera niezale\u017cna Rada S\u0142u\u017cby S\u0105downiczej, kt\u00f3ra sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z prokurator\u00f3w i s\u0119dzi\u00f3w ni\u017cszych szczebli.<\/li><li><b>S\u0105d Konstytucyjny<\/b> (Constitutional Court) \u2013 sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z 9 s\u0119dzi\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych trzech nominuje prezydent, trzech Rada S\u0142u\u017cby S\u0105downiczej, a trzech parlament. S\u0119dziowie wskazywani przez prezydenta maj\u0105 9-letni\u0105 nieodnawialn\u0105 kadencj\u0119, z jednym s\u0119dzi\u0105 wymienianym co 3 lata .<\/li><\/ul><p><b>S\u0105dy ni\u017cszego szczebla i powszechne<\/b><\/p><ul><li>S\u0105d Bezpiecze\u0144stwa Pa\u0144stwa (State Security Court)<\/li><li>S\u0105d Apelacyjny (Court of Appeals) \u2013 administracyjny i s\u0105downiczy<\/li><li>Wielki Trybuna\u0142 (Tribunal de Grande)<\/li><li>S\u0105dy grodzkie<\/li><li>S\u0105dy prawa zwyczajowego<\/li><\/ul><p><b>System prawny<\/b><\/p><p>System prawny w DRK opiera si\u0119 na prawie cywilnym bazuj\u0105cym na prawodawstwie belgijskim, z dodatkiem praw zwyczajowych i plemiennych.<\/p><p>Rz\u0105d Demokratycznej Republiki Konga, z jego skomplikowanym i wielopoziomowym systemem politycznym oraz prawnym, odgrywa kluczow\u0105 rol\u0119 w zarz\u0105dzaniu jednym z najbardziej zr\u00f3\u017cnicowanych kraj\u00f3w Afryki. Pomimo licznych wyzwa\u0144, system ten stanowi fundament dla demokratycznego funkcjonowania pa\u0144stwa.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Menu Demokratyczna Republika Konga Turystyka Kultura Rz\u0105d Historia Rz\u0105d Demokratycznej Republiki Konga Premier: Judith Suminwa Tuluka &#8211; \u00a0kongijska polityk i pierwsza kobieta mianowana na stanowisko premiera DRK. Prezydent: F\u00e9lix Antoine Tshisekedi Tshilombo &#8211;\u00a0kongijskipolityk, od 2018 lider Unii na rzecz Demokracji i Post\u0119pu Spo\u0142ecznego, od 2019 prezydent Demokratycznej Republiki Konga. \u00a0 System polityczny Demokratyczna Republika Konga [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-drk"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Rz\u0105d -<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/konsul.eu\/index.php\/2024\/09\/19\/rzad-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rz\u0105d -\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Menu Demokratyczna Republika Konga Turystyka Kultura Rz\u0105d Historia Rz\u0105d Demokratycznej Republiki Konga Premier: Judith Suminwa Tuluka &#8211; \u00a0kongijska polityk i pierwsza kobieta mianowana na stanowisko premiera DRK. 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